Bacteria infections:
Streptococcus zooepidemicus
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella sp.
E. coli

• Common in the environment of the horse: soil, skin, mucous membranes and intestine of health horses
• May be spread by non-venereal transfer
• May be increased on stallion's penis by vigorous cleaning with strong antispetic cleansers (Pseudomonas and Klebsiella)

Caused by bacteria Taylorella Equigenitalis
Clinical signs: 8-10 days post breeding, copious, grayish vulvular discharge
Mares may recover spontaneously although the bacteria may remain in the tract for years- asymptomatic carriers
Stallions do not develop symptoms and become asymptomatic carriers
Mostly a problem with imported animals, semen. USDA requires testing for import.

Virus:

Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)

Contagious viral disease of members of the horse family
Symptoms: fever, respiratory illness, eye inflamation, edema, risk of abortion
Many affected horses are subclinical. Virus can be transmitted from respiratory aerosols or semen of carrier stallion

Virus isolation from respiratory tract, semen, urine and/or aborted fetus.

Up to 50% of stallions infected with the virus can shed virus in the semen for years after the original infection.

Colts intended for breeding should be vaccinated at 6-12 months and then annually. Care should be take to quarantine the animals from non-vaccinated animals. Stallions should be vaccinated 28 days prior to breeding season.

Vaccination available for mares being breed to carrier stallions. Isolate mare for 21-28 days after breeding