Luteal Phase amd Mestrual Cycles Review Quiz

 

1. Large luteal cells are derived from theca interna cells.
True
 False

2. Which of the following are true with respect to the corpus luteum or corpus hemorrhagicum? (check all that apply)
The large luteal cells have oxytocin secretory granules during the estrous cycle.
 Large luteal cells of pregnancy have relaxin secretory granules.
 After ovulation the basement membrane between the theca and granuolsa cell breaks up and becomes the connective tissue within the corpus luteum.
 The blood vessels that break during ovulation lead to formation of the blood clot seen in the corpus hemorrhagicum.

3. Luteal insufficiency is related to premature return to estrus or loss of a pregnancy.
True
 False

4. Progesterone causes which of the following?
decreased GnRH pulse amplitude and frequency.
 essential to stimulate estrus.
 triggers the preovulatory LH surge.
 stimulates myometrial contractions.

5. The targets of progesterone are which of the following? (check all that apply)
posterior pituitary
 anterior pituitary
 hypothalamus
 uterine myometrium
 uterine endometrium
 mammary gland

6. The molecular action of progesterone on a target cell invovles which of the following? (select all that apply)
binding to a plasma membrane receptor
 a cAMP second messenger system.
 a calcium second messenger system
 binding to a nuclear receptor
 transcription occurs
 mRNA is formed
 activation of PKA and/or PKC occurs

7. In the cow, a unilateral hysterectomy ipsilateral to the CL will result in which of the following?
prolonged life of the CL for about 30 - 35 days.
 prolonged life of the CL for about the length of gestation
 causes prolonged CL life span in 50% of the females
 results in no change in the length of the estrous cycle

8. In the mare, an unilateral hysterectomy ipsilateral to the CL will cause which of the following?
prolonged life of the CL for about 30 - 35 days.
 prolonged life of the CL for about the length of gestation
 causes prolonged CL life span in 50% of the females
 results in no change in the length of the estrous cycle
9. Cholesterol's role in the production of progesterone is to
modify the plasma membrane to increase lipid diffusablity.
 increase the level of cAMP and thereby activate protein kinase A.
 serve as a precursor of progesterone.
 to catalyze the conversion of pregnenolone into progesterone.
10. Which of the following are true regarding the uterine luteolytic compound and luteolysis in the cow?
A complete hysterectomy of a cow does not alter the life-span of the corpus luteum.
 A partial hysterectomy of the uterine horn, contralateral to the corpus luteum, causes the life span of the corpus luteum to be maintained for > 30 days.
 A partial hysterectomy of the uterine horn, ipsilateral to the corpus luteum, causes the life span of the corpus luteum to be maintained for >30 days.
 If the uterus and ovary are transplanted to the neck of a cow with the ovarian and uterine artery surgically connected to the carotid artery and the uterine vein connected to the jugular vein, the life span of the corpus luteum will be unaffected. In other words, the corpus luteum lasts for 14 - 17 days in a cow
11. Why can oxytocin intiate luteolysis on day 14 of the ewe estrous cycle but not on day 4? (select all that apply)
Prostaglandin does not initiate luteal regression in the corpus luteum less than 5 days old.
 Ocytocin receptors on the uterine endometrium remain low during the most of diestrus, only increasing around day 14 of the estrous cycle.
 Prostalandin is not released prior to day 14 of the estrous cycle.
 Estradiol does not increase until day 14 of the estrous cycle.
12. Which of the following are true about the molecular mechanism by which prostaglandin affects luteal cells. (select all that are true)
Prostaglandin binds to a nuclear receptor.
 Involves a cAMP second messanger system.
 Involves an increase in the level of DAG and IP3 in the luteal cell.
 Protein phosphorylation leads to an increase in gene expression.
 Increased calcium activates apoptosis mechanisms.
 Increased calcium causes a decrease in progesterone production.
13. Luteolysis involves the mounting of an immune response against the cells that form the corpus luteum.
True
 False
14. In the primate, estrogen initiates the growth of the endometrium followed by continued growth under the influence of progesterone and estrogen. Menses is induced by the drop in both estrogen and progesterone.
True
 False
15. Just like in the cow, the human uterus releases prostaglandin that leads to regression of the corpus luteum.
True
 False